Tax Calculators
Know exactly what you owe before you file
Understanding Your Tax Liability
The U.S. uses a progressive tax system, meaning your income is taxed at different rates as it moves through tax brackets. Only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate—not your entire income.
Marginal vs Effective Tax Rate
Your marginal tax rate is the rate on your last dollar of income (your highest bracket). Your effective tax rate is your total tax divided by total income—typically much lower than your marginal rate because of how progressive taxation works.
Reducing Your Tax Liability
- Maximize pre-tax contributions - 401(k), HSA, and traditional IRA reduce taxable income
- Take all eligible deductions - Standard deduction or itemize if higher
- Use tax credits - Credits reduce tax dollar-for-dollar (better than deductions)
- Consider timing - Defer income or accelerate deductions depending on bracket